This conference has carried further a now long-lived tradition of biennial international conferences on Orality and Literacy in the Ancient World, inaugurated in 1994. The present conference offered a stimulating discussion of the process of textualization in ancient societies and of what the interaction between the oral and the written could signify for these societies’ cultural fabric. It explored the issues of textualization in ancient inscriptions and graffiti, Greek and Latin poetry and drama, religious and philosophical texts, historiography, legislation and more, over a broad chronological and geographical spectrum -- from the beginnings of writing to Late Antiquity, from the Greco-Roman world to Biblical Studies, and further to Rabbinic Judaism, early Christianity, Zoroastrianism and early Islam. Professor Sergiu Hart, Head of the Humanities Division of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, opened the first part of the conference; the second part was opened by Professor Barak Medina, the Rector of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The conference took place in a hybrid form and, alongside virtual participants, hosted several participants from abroad, as well as Israeli scholars.